Ok, today we’ll talk about a really different roman tour, inside the Verano Monumental Cemetery.
Don’t worry we’ll not write about legends or monsters but we’ll take a peek in the italian and european history.
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| Verano Monumental cemetery by Wikipedia |
There are differents tour but we decidet to select the most interesting, it could be a long trip so you’ll find differents paths in different post, but before there is a short history lesson about the Editto di Saint Cloud ( Decret Imperial sul les Sepultures) by Napoleon
This edict established, extended to the Italian Kingdom too, that the graves were placed outside the city walls, in sunny and airy places, and that they had to all the same., it was clear the intention to solve hygenical problems ( healthy air ) and an ideological and political motivation.
A commission, composed exclusively by magistrates, could decide, for illustrious figures about, an epitaph on their grave.
This cemetery is the “house” of burials since the Romans, due to the existence of the Santa Ciriaca’s catacombs. It was founded near a consolar road , Tiburtina, by the Verani’s family ( this is the reason of its name), the cemeretery was entrusted by Giuseppe Valadier , and consacreted in 1835.
The construction continued also during the advent of Rome capital of the new Italian Reign and incoporated new differents area.
This edit and these tombs are the starting point for this tour
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| Photo By EH101, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=2660574 |
The Verano Monumental Cemetery, with its heritage of works of art, is an open-air museum that has no equal for the quantity and the particularity of the testimonies
Tour #1 Fatherland and freedom path
Let’s start from the Risorgimento (Resurgence), a politcal and social movement that built the Kingdom of Italy , it was completed when Rome became capital of Italy in 1871.
In this tour you can live the vicissitudes of the protagonists buried here, the common national feeling culminating in the events of the Unification.
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| Goffredo Mameli's monument, pic by Luciano Tronati from Wikimedia Commons |
The first monument is dedicated to Goffredo Mameli (1827-1849), poet and patriot, author of the Italian National Anthem, bu the remains of Mameli were translated into the Mausoleo Ossario Garibaldino at Gianicolo,built to collect the remains of the fallen of the Roman Republic.(we’ll write about it later, and i’m proud to talk about it cause my father worked here for many years).
He died for the wounds reported in the famous battle of Vascello. You see a young hero wrapped in a flag and spread over an urn
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| Vascello - pic by Tesori di Roma |
Italian National Anthem , lyrics
Our Risorgimento was an incredible political movement , started wit the Spedizione dei Mille ( an expedition created by thousand young volunteers) promoted by Giuseppe Garibaldi.
The purpose of the expedition was to support the revolts broke out on the island and overturn the Borboni's government. The volunteers landed on May 11 at Marsala and, thanks to the local population, strengthened with many other southern volunteers and moved north, increasing in number for the landing of other Garibaldi’s shipments, forming the Southern Army.
After a series of victorious battles against the Bourbon army, the Garibaldi ‘s volunteers managed to conquer the whole Kingdom of the Two Sicilies allowing their annexation to the nascent Italian State.
In the middle of these iunderdog heroes you will discover the monument dedicated to Rosalia Montmasson, the only partecipating woman to the expedition.
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| Rosalia Montmasson's grave - Pic by Repubblica Location: Scogliera del Monte, e Scaglione E, row 4, n. 26. |
An other heroic patriot woman is here buried, Giuditta Tavani Arquati, she prepared a riot to set up Rome against the goverment of Pope Pius IX and help Garibaldi, but the zoaves, papal troops, attacked the place where Giuditta and other people were. The conspirators tried to resist the fire. Someone tried to escape but they were killed.
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| Giuditta Tavani Arquati's grave Location: Al Monte, box 42 (Archconfraternity Chapel) |
Mattia Montecchi. He was in Carboneria, an informal network of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831, the chief purpose was to defeat tyranny and to establish constitutional government, that’s why he was arrested as on of the leader, He remained in prison for a long time, before being sentenced to life imprisonment by the Sacred Consulta on August 21 1845
He was also member of the Roman Republic made up by Giuseppe Mazzini and Aurelio Saffi.
After the fall of the Republic, he went first to Geneva and then to Lausanne with a British passport, where he stayed with Mazzini and Saffi. Subsequently, forced to leave Switzerland due to Austrian pressure on the Swiss government, patriots exiled to London.
He was memeber of Parlament in the new Italian Kingdom
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| Mattia Montecchi pic by Wikipedia Location: Old Department, Box 4
Next step Gaetano Tognetti, Italian patriot and revolutionary.
Tognetti, with his friend Giuseppe Monti, on October 22, 1867, during the pontificate of Pius IX, he carried out an attack against Pontifical Zouaves located in the Borgo district,
They wanted provoke an uprising by the roman population and faciliate the Garibaldi’s occupation, during this bomb attack 25 people were killed, included civilians. The uprising nevar became real and Garibladi was defetead, because the bomb attack consequences, in the Mentana battle
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| Gaetano Tognetti's grave - Pic by Di Lalupa Location: Pincetto Vecchio, corner box 22 |
Silvio Spaventa was an Italian politician and patriot and a senator of the Kingdom of Italy in the 16th legislature.
He was influenced by the Hegelian conception of the State, Spaventa was one of the most original liberal theorists in nineteenth-century Italy: he was a supporter of a strong but non-authoritarian state and firmly supported the strict separation of the political sphere from the administrative one; in polemics with the transformation of Agostino Depretis, he advocated a bipartitism as the English system
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| Silvio Spaventa's monument + photo by Luciano Tronati Location: Quadriportico, right side, arcade XXIII |
- Public Transportation:
- bus and tram lines 3 -19 -71 - 88 - 163 – 163F-443 - 448 - 490 - 491 - 492- 495 – 542-542F-545 - 649 - C2 - C3
- By car
- Regional road Tiburtina
UPDATE
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