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We talked about the homeland heroes and walked in the italian history.
Now it's time start looking for heroic women ,people have left an important mark in Italian history or , unfortunately, have been victims of a cruel fate.
The first heroine we want to talk about does not need any introduction, Grazia Deledda.
Born in Nuoro in 1871 from a rich and patriarchal family
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| Grazia Deledda |
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Her intellectual training is completely self-taught and provincial: she attends the school only up to the fourth grade.
She lived ,even after her marriage, almost in isolation.
Deledda, linked to a patriarchal conception of existence, spent her infancy and adolescence, clashing with an uninterrupted series of family calamities. In fact, in a few years she will lose three sisters and his father while her two brothers will have problems with alcoholism and justice. These difficulties, together with the suffocating prejudice towards her nascent literary vocation, made Deledda mature those intentions of escape from the Sardinian environment, she will realize later, only with marriage, the only possible solution for a woman of her time.
La Deledda seems to face these years as a second life, even if in a literary sense: its activity is exhausted in writing assiduously and in publishing novels and stories almost with an annual rhythm.
Deledda received the Nobel Prize in 1926 ( for the novel Canne al Vemto ) in Literature. What was her respone on winning Nobel Prize ? Già! (Already!)
She is yet the only italian woman winner of a Nobel Prize in literature.
She died in Rome at the age of 64 of breast cancer. In the Verano Monumental cemetery you can see her monument, Her remains are in Nuoro.
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| Grazia Deledda's Monument |
The next step is ...
Sibilla Aleramo
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| Sibilla Aleramo |
She prefered did not tell her parents about the event, and she was instead "persuaded" to marry him. A year and a half later, at 17, she had her first and only child, Walter.
She found the strength to react to her brutal husband and leave him, you can read this experience in her first novel. She moved to Rome where she knew differents artists and writers
Location: New Department, Box 61
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| Sibilla Aleramo - photo by Buratta, Fabrizio - Foti, Alessandro |
Next stage ,another woman who left her mark in world history,
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| Maria Montessori |
Real name Maria Tecla Artemisia Montessori, italian physician and educator.
Does not this name mean anything to you? Do yopu know the philosophy of education ? this kind of education is a system adopted in many primary schools in the world
Emilia Filonardi Lombardi
The monument dedicated to Emilia Filonardi Lombardi was built in 1875 by her husband, the sculptor Giovan Battista Lombardi.
The premature death of the young woman, of tisi and at only 29 years, induces him to create a work of strong emotional impact that immediately arouses a great appreciation and interest from the public.
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| Emilia Lombardi Filonardi - Photo by Sagid |
Clotilde Podesti
The painter Francesco Podesti, who in this case ventured into sculpture, executed the sepulchral monument on the occasion of the untimely death of his wife Clotilde Cagiati, which occurred in 1865.
He reported in one of his writings the conversation he had with her on his deathbed: "Eh ! My dear Checco, [...] your Clotilde leaves you a widower, because you die soon. .....Be happy; I promise you that I will erect a monument worthy of the love I bring you. "
On 11 October 1867, the Podesti tomb, just finished, was visited by Pope Pius IX.
Above the bust of Podesti, there is the touching inscription in Roman capital letters: "Ave lux mea et vale in pace".
The entire epitaph was composed by Novelli, librarian at the Angelica, who kept the Memories of 1870, poems, letters and other documentary material from Podesti.
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| Clotilde Podesti's Monument - photo by Lalupa |
Adelaide Ristori
Actress (Cividale del Friuli, 1822 - Rome 1906)
Born in 1822 from parents both actors.
Since very small scenes and just twelve years old is engaged in the theatrical company of Meneghino Moncalvo who, having immediately recognized the innate gifts of great actress, in 1836 entrusts the role of Francesca da Rimini by Pellico.
From 1837 she joined the Compagnia Reale Sarda where he met Carlotta Marchionni, who became her teacher and of whom she took the place of first actress when she left the scene.
In these years the Ristori grows artistically very quickly, thanks to her love for the theater and her professional seriousness. She left the Reale Sarda in 1841, she had the role of first absolute actress in the company Mascherpa and, subsequently, in that Domeniconi and Coltellini, active above all in Rome.
In the 1847 she married the young Marquis Giuliano Capranica del Grillo.
In 1853, after two years of conscious departure from the theater given his new status as a noblewoman, Ristori returned on the scene by accepting a new contract with the Royal Sardinian Company, stipulated following the heavy burdens imposed by the actress.
In 1855 he obtained considerable success in Paris in the role of Mirra who consecrated her in the parts of a tragic artist.
The actress's fame quickly spread to all the biggest European capitals, including Berlin, Vienna, Madrid and Paris. This activity, among other things, favors the spread of the Savoy ideals and politics of which Ristori is a profound supporter: Cavour even entrusts her with a diplomatic mission of a certain importance to Petersburg. And Adelaide sometimes has problems with the Austrian police for the inclusion of some patriotic verses in her interpretations that allude to a united Italy: on the occasion of a Judith, judged too "participated", she was expelled from Venice.
Hence the strict provisions imposed on his shows and the censorship of theatrical productions and opera librettos of which the actress often complains. From 1860 she resides in the French capital, making a long tour in America from the mid-sixties onwards.
In 1886 after retiring from the scene she settled in Rome and became queen's court lady Daisy; two years later she published her memoirs ( Memories and artistic studies). Omagied by the whole European theater world on the occasion of her eightieth birthday, she died in Rome in 1906.
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| Adelaide Ristori's monument Location: Old Department, box 11 |
Natalia Ginzburg (Natalia Levi)
Writer (Palermo 1916 -Rome 1991)
Since the age of twelved he begins to write; her early debut is to be considered a result of loneliness and silence, natural childhood companions, since little Natalia completes her elementary studies at home. The first stories are published in 1934 by the magazine Solaria
In this period the fundamental meeting takes place with the intellectual Leone Ginzburg, her husband since 1938.
A Jew of Russian origin (Odessa 1908 -Rome 1944), Slavist, philologist, antifascist, he was arrested in 1934 and after four years in prison he returned to Turin where Giulio Einaudi proposed him to take care of the newborn (1933) publishing house.
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| Natalia Ginzburg |
Natalia will instead accept the task of translating the Proher's recherche, which had not been read until then but immediately revealed her great literary love.
With the outbreak of the war Leone was sent to confinement in Abruzzo. He stayed with Natalia and her two children until the fall of the Fascist regime in 1943. During this period Ginzburg - under the pseudonym Alessandra Tornimparte - published her first novel "The road that goes to the city" also deals with Einaudi della translation of " Swann’s road " by M. Proust.
In Rome, after September 8, Leone Ginzburg resumed his editorial and political activity. Member of the organizers of the Action Party and partisan groups of Justice and Liberty, he was arrested in November 1943 in a clandestine printing press.
Conducted in the Regina Coeli prison, he died in February 1944 following the torture he suffered (he is buried in Verano, Israelic Department, 6 row III, group V).
This tragic event marks a fundamental point in the life of Natalia ,after taking refuge in a convent in Rome and then an aunt in Florence,she returned to Turin from the end of 1945. In the meantime she writes of the poems and some short articles of a political nature in the Italian Free newspaper (organ of the Action Party).
She tightens intense bonds of friendship with Cesare Pavese and Felice Balbo and has contacts with people like Calvino, Vittorini, Levi.
In 1947 she wrote the short novel, in the form of a monologue, It was so, dedicated "to Leo". In 1950 she married Gabriele Baldini, professor and musicologist, with whom she moved to Rome.
Among the numerous writings - novels, stories, theatrical works :
- Tutti i nostri ieri (1952),
- Le voci della sera (1961)
- Le piccole virtù (1962
- Ti ho sposato per allegria (1966),
In 1963 she published Lessico famigliare, perhaps the best known text, a critical and public success.
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| Natalia Ginzburg (Natalia Levi) 's grave Location: Former Civilians, box 20 |
- Claudia Muzio
- Rosalia Montmasson we already wrote about her
Alida Valli
Real name A.Maria Altenburger- Pula, Croatia, 1921-Rome 2006, actress.
Born into an aristocratic family, she came to Rome to study at the Centro Sperimentale di Cinematografia. She was already famous for her refined and sensual charm.
Thanks to her performance in the character of Luisa, the tormented mother of Fogazzaro's novel, Valli rises to the status of a diva, she was considereted the new Greta Garbo for her angelic beauty, the noble aura of posture, the deep emanated passions that alternate with childish moves.
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| Alida Valli |
In the post-war period she is called to Hollywood where she interprets impeccable femme fatale next to Gregory Peck in the Hitchcock's film The Paradine case
She worked also with
Orson Welles and Joseph Cotten in the spy movie The third man (1949) ;
Luchino Visconti in his masterpiece Senso (1954);
Michelangelo Antonioni Il Grido (1957);
Pier Paolo Pasolini , Edipo Re(1967)
Dario Argento, Suspiria (1977) and Inferno (1980);
Giuseppe Bertolucci, L’amore, forse (2000)
She played different dramas at theatres too
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| Alida valli's tomb |
Camilla Ravera
She became the first female lifetime senator.
During her life she could meet Lenin, Stalin and she was expelled from the Party, in the 1939, because she opposed ti the Molotov Ribbentrop pact. She will rejoin only in the 1945
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| Camilla Ravera's monument - pic by @Anpi Brescia on twitter |
Collocation: PCI Receptor, New Department, box 8 separate
Nilde (Leonilde) Iotti
Born in Reggio Emilia from a family of modest origins, but Catholic and with socialist traditions, she graduated with honors from the Catholic University of Milan.
She became a teacher, activating in the Women's Defense Groups. After the Liberation begins his approach to the Communist Party, engaging in the UDI (Union of Italian Women) of Reggio Emilia.
In April 1948 she was elected for the Italian Communist Party (PCI) to the Chamber of Deputies, of which she was member without interruption until 1999.
Iotti had a long liaison with the National Secretary of the PCI Palmiro Togliatti, lasted until the latter's death in 1964: the relationship was made public in 1948, on the occasion of the attempt on Togliatti's life, a few days after the Italian general election day, and she was received coldly by Italy's public opinion, including many Italian communists, because Togliatti was married to Rita Montagnana at the time.
After 1979 elections, Iotti became Speaker of the Lower House of Parliament, succeeding Pietro Ingrao. She was popular and respected as a president, and was confirmed in the office for two more legislatures.
In 1987, she was entrusted by President Francesco Cossiga with a mandate of potentially forming the government, the closest a PCI member, and a woman, got to becoming the first female Prime Minister of Italy; however, Iotti was not able to form a coalition.
In 1992, the name of Nilde Iotti was mentioned for the election of the President of the Italian Republic.
In April 1948 she was elected for the Italian Communist Party (PCI) to the Chamber of Deputies, of which she was member without interruption until 1999.
Iotti had a long liaison with the National Secretary of the PCI Palmiro Togliatti, lasted until the latter's death in 1964: the relationship was made public in 1948, on the occasion of the attempt on Togliatti's life, a few days after the Italian general election day, and she was received coldly by Italy's public opinion, including many Italian communists, because Togliatti was married to Rita Montagnana at the time.
After 1979 elections, Iotti became Speaker of the Lower House of Parliament, succeeding Pietro Ingrao. She was popular and respected as a president, and was confirmed in the office for two more legislatures.
In 1987, she was entrusted by President Francesco Cossiga with a mandate of potentially forming the government, the closest a PCI member, and a woman, got to becoming the first female Prime Minister of Italy; however, Iotti was not able to form a coalition.
In 1992, the name of Nilde Iotti was mentioned for the election of the President of the Italian Republic.
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| Nilde iotti's monument Location: PCI Convention, New Department, 8 separate box (entrance to Portonaccio) |
In 1926 an old Irish woman named Violet Gibson fired at the Duce as she left the Capitol, wounding him lightly. Following this fact, Petacci, fourteen years old, wrote a letter and some poems with which, in addition to rejoicing for the escaped danger, she consecrates her life.
The letters are noted but she could meet the Duce only on April 24, 1932 in Ostia, where she could overcome the barrier of the escort agents and to approach the leader. She was not alone, her boyfriend, Riccardo Federici, was with her
A few days later Mussolini, married with Donna Rachele, called Petacci and gave her an evening appointment at Palazzo Venezia. Other meetings followed, but two years later Claretta married Federici.
The marriage lasts two years, and is then canceled by the Sacred Rota. From '36 Mussolini and la Petacci become lovers, fifty-three years old him, twenty-four her.
Her family receives an undisputed advantage from Claretta's privileged position, as evidenced by the villa built at Monte Mario, the successful cinematographic career of his sister Myriam, the debated economic affairs of his brother.
the whole family follows the Duce when he is placed by Hitler at the head of the Social Republic
Born from Giuseppina Persichetti, descendant of a wealthy Roman family, and Francesco Saverio, doctor of the Sacred Apostolic Palaces. Little more than a little girl, she is ensnared by the charismatic myth of the Duce.
She was arrested with Mussolini at the fall of the regime on 25 July 1943, and released on 8 September and moved to a villa in Gardone, not far from the residence of Mussolini and the seat of the government of Salò at this juncture, a violent encounter with the duce's wife, Donna Rachele, is inevitable. But Claretta will follow the leader in his final flight.
Arrested by the partisans of the LII Brigade Garibaldi in Dongo, both were executed on April 28, 1945
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| Claretta Petacci's grave Location: Ex Evangelici, box 89 |
Rina (Elvira) Morelli
(Naples 1908 - Rome 1976) Actress
Actor Amilcare Morelli and actress Narciso Brillanti’s daughter , she played since she was a child in the company of Ermete Zacconi, obtaining a first role as an adult actress at sixteen in Liliom by F. Molnàr.
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| Rina Elvira Morelli Location: Pincetto Nuovo, box 11, chapel 17 |
During the war her activity became sporadic and only after the liberation of Rome a period of intense work began, culminating in the encounter with Luchino Visconti, who in 1945 directed it in the terrible Parents of Cocteau.
She will begin an artistic journey with Visconti and she will be consecrated it in the history of Italian and international cinema
Sarina Nathan (Sara Levi Nathan)
(Pesaro 1819 -London 1882) Patriot
In 1837 she married Meyer Moses Nathan, a gentleman from Frankfurt, with whom she moved to London and from whom she had twelve children.
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| Sara Nathan |
Giuseppe Mazzini lives here during his exile and Sara - said amicably Sarina - has the opportunity to know him, although at the beginning only superficially, establishing a relationship that with the passage of time becomes close friendship and sincere affection.
Mazzini puts his trust in Sarina soon : he confides his worries, his thoughts and his political programs, investing her with a decidedly significant role in his conspiratorial activity.
Nathan becomes a deep supporter of the Mazzinian doctrine
When her husband died in 1859, Sarina left England and settled in Milan where she was involved in the organization of insurrectional activities.
In 1865, sje was continually subjected to surveillance by the police, she bought a villa in Lugano, La Tanzina, since from that moment it became a refuge for Italian exiles and a real cenacle of the major names of national politics of those years: Nino Bixio, Gustavo Modena, Carlo Cattaneo, Federico Campanella.
In the house of Sarina, Mazzini also spends long periods.
She will be the promoter of the publication of Mazzini's writings.
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| Sara nathan's monument Location: Pincetto Nuovo, box 47 |
Erminia Fuà Fusinato
(Rovigo 1834 - Rome 1876) Poetess, educator and patriot
Born in Rovigo from a Jewish family .After moving to Padua in 1835, she studied at home with her uncle Benedetto
Erminia is dedicated to the composition of verses. Her poetic training took on a more complete dimension when she met Arnaldo Fusinato, her future husband, older than her, already a poet and patriot who urged her to publish in important Milanese women's magazines.
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| Eminia Fuà Fusinato |
In 1856 she moved to Venice where she married, though, due to the difference in faith of the two boyfriends, the parents were against marriage.
The Fusinato settled in Castelfranco Veneto and in the autumn of 1856 they were guests in the the castle of Colloredo where Ippolito Nievo lived.
In Castelfranco la Fuà helps her husband and her brother-in-law in an attempt to hold the ranks of the anti-Austrian opposition and with her poetic writings she encourages Savoia action
In 1864 she followed her husband in exile to Florence, where Erminia frequented writers and politicians and where she collaborated with several publishers.
After the proclamation of Roma Capitale, some wrong investments create economic difficulties for the two spouses.
Cesare Correnti, Minister of Education and a dear friend of the family, proposes her, although without qualifications, a job as an inspector in the schools and colleges of the Neapolitan province
In Rome they entrusted her with the chair of Italian letters at the Scuola Normale
Her interventions are collected in the text Scritti Educativi, published in 1873.
In 1874 she founded the Society for Higher Education of the Women and became its president.
In fact, Fusinato proposed a model of a woman who did not deny the traditional role of "angel of the hearth", but projected it into a civil and social horizon as well as intimate and domestic.
Also part of her works is Famiglia(1876), which collects the moral lessons held at the Women's High School, and Poemi (1874), verses composed from 1852 to 1873.
Se died in Rome on September 30, 1876 and she is remembered in Verano with a funeral monument commissioned, according to the inscription affixed on the forehead, by the "Italian women".
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| Her monument - Photo by By Lalupa Location: Quadriportico, left side, LI arch |
Anita Durante
Real surname Bianchi (Rome, 28 September 1897 - Rome, 2 May 1994), Italian
actress.
Checco Durante ‘s wife , a famous actor and Roman poet, in herlong career, she
interpreted with his husband many dialect comedies and, in the role of
character, numerous movies
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| Anita Durante |
Particularly important to remember, in 1954, the famous
italian movie An American in Rome by
Steno in which she played the role of the protective and worried mother of the
protagonist Nando Moriconi ,played by Alberto Sordi.
- Regina Bianchi
- Carla Capponi
Maria Gabriella Ferri
(Rome, 18 September 1942 - Corchiano, 3 April 2004) Italian singer ,known for her interpretations of Roman and Neapolitan popular songs - theatrical actress.
She meets Luisa De Santis (Giuseppe De Santis daugher , famous movie director, did you see Riso Amaro? ) and becomes very friendly: together they create a duo, named “Luisa and Gabriella” , they triy to rediscover the Roman folk repertoire.
First performances were based on the traditional repertoire of the Roman song (as Barcarolo Romano) and one evening, at the Intra's Club of Milan (at that time they are guest by Camilla Cederna ),and the duo is noted by Walter Guertler, so they can sign a contract with the Jollyimportant label.
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| Maria Gabriella Ferri |
Also in 1964 they had their first experience on television, in the transmission The Fair of Dreams presented by Mike Bongiorno, in which they sing The society of magnaccions who, in the days following the television appearance, sells one million seven hundred thousand copies , it become one of the hymns of the young people of those years.
In 1965, in their Italian and foreign cinemas, their first a,nd perhaps only music movie, was included in the 008 Operazione Ritmo movie by the producer director Tullio Piacentini.
The duo, however, has a short life, due to the Luisa ‘s shyness , she does not like to sing in public; Gabriella continues alone then.
After the years spent in Milan, Gabriella Ferri returns to Rome at the end of 1966, and arrives at the Bagaglino in Rome and she becomes the official singer
During this period she meets the young diplomat Giancarlo Riccio, and marries June 20, 1967. Se moves with him to Kinshasa where he is destined to serve, but suffers the forced inactivity and after not even a year convinces her husband to ask for an early return to Rome.
The marriage does not last long but, after a series of separations and reconciliations, it finally ends in 1970.
after signing a new recording contract with the RCA Italiana, she participated in 1969 at the Sanremo Festival but, despite presenting, together with Stevie Wonder, a beautiful song with beat and rhythm soundtracks, written by Gabriella with her father Vittorio and Piero Pintucci, entitled If “you my boyfriend”, the artist is eliminated, in the first round ,and she will never return to Sanremo.
However, the album is a success, and the song is reinterpreted by many other artists
She was presenter of several television events and shows
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| Maria Gabriella Ferri's tomb Location: New Department, Box 85, Chapel 3, No. 34, row 2 |
Isa Miranda
Real name Ines Isabella Sampietro Milan, 5 July 1909 - Rome, 8 July 1982), Italian actress.
She won the Prix d'interprétation féminine at the Cannes Film Festival with the film Le mura di Malapaga (1948) by René Clément.
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| Isa Miranda |
Amelia Pincherle
Venice, 16 January 1870 - Florence, 26 December , Italian writer and anti-fascist.
Her brother Carlo Pincherle, architect and painter, was the Alberto Moravia’s father, while Laura Capon, her cousin’s daughter, Admiral Augusto Capon, was Enrico Fermi ‘s wife, the famous physicist
She participates in public life as a member of the Executive Committee of the Rome Art Exhibition and Women's Work.
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| Amelia Pincherle |
During the war she collaborates with the News Office for the families of the soldiers and, in memory of her son, Aldo, died in Carnia during a fight on March 27, 1916
Since the early twenty years she began to support the anti-fascist activity of her sons Carlo and Nello, reaching them in places of confinement and exile.
After their assassination (1937), she left Italy and moved to France, then to Switzerland, England and finally to the United States, where she landed in 1940 along with the two new sons and seven grandchildren (including the future poetess Amelia Rosselli).
After her release she returned to Italy in June 1946
Main works
• Anima. Dramma in tre atti
• Felicità perduta,
• Gente oscura,
• Topinino. Storia di un bambino,
• Illusione. Commedia in tre atti: L'idea fissa, L'amica, Scene,
• Topinino garzone di bottega,
• San Marco. Commedia in tre atti,
• Fratelli minori, Bemporad,
• Emma Liona. Dramma in quattro episodi,
• Memorie]
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| Her grave |
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